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The Catcher in the Rye (2021)
Reading the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger, students trace the themes of fear, innocence and corruption as they follow the narrator through a pivotal three days in his unraveling teenage life.
ELA
Unit 11
10th Grade
This unit has been archived. To view our updated curriculum, visit our 10th Grade English course.
Unit Summary
The Catcher in the Rye has been archived. You are welcome to use the resources here, but there are no Fishtank Plus features offered within this unit. If you’d like to implement one of our complete Fishtank Plus units, including all in-lesson and unit-specific Plus features, check out 10th Grade ELA.
The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is a coming of age novel in which readers follow the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, through a pivotal three days in his unraveling teenage life. The novel is set in post-World War II Manhattan and Holden, who has been expelled from several prep schools, is struggling to find meaning and truth in a world he sees as full of “phonies.” Holden’s struggles with becoming a young adult make the book a particularly appropriate choice for the beginning of the tenth grade year. Students will grapple with the theme of fear as it is developed in the novel, wrestling specifically with the consequences of making decisions based on fear and anxiety. Additionally, students will trace the themes of innocence and corruption, exploring the impact of corruption on our lives. This first unit of the year will be immediately followed by a unit on Arthur Miller’s The Crucible in which students will explore these same themes in a different setting and in a more complex allegorical text.
Throughout the unit, the teacher should pay particular attention to developing students’ abilities to analyze author’s craft, specifically how to discern tone and investigate how specific choices of diction create tone, character, and theme. The writing focus of this English unit will be connected to this emphasis on diction. Students will be asked to create their own analyses of the text and express them through theme statements supported by brief moments/partial quotations (i.e. specific diction) from the text rather than more extended pieces of evidence. Relying less heavily on extensive quotations from the text is a step in helping students to develop their own arguments and style, rather than following a formulaic approach to writing.
At Match, students have a Composition class 4 days per week in addition to English class. Below, we have included Supplementary Composition Projects to reflect the material covered in our Composition course. For teachers who are interested in including these Composition Projects but do not have a separate Composition course, we have included a “Suggested Placement” to note where these projects would most logically fit into the English unit. While the Composition Projects may occasionally include content unrelated to English 10, most have both a skill and content connection to the work students are doing in their English 10 class.
Both 10th grade English and 10th grade Composition at Match focus on students developing their own style and approaches to expressing their unique insights into the literature they are reading. In the English lessons, students will focus on analyzing author’s craft, investigating how authors use various techniques to create mood, tone and theme. In these parallel composition projects, students will learn to craft effective literary analysis essays expressing their thoughts on J.D. Salinger’s use of literary techniques to create mood, tone and theme in The Catcher in the Rye. Additionally, students will work to improve their own narrative writing by using these same techniques to create mood, tone and theme in their original pieces. While the writing described in the English unit are exclusively on-demand pieces of writing, the Composition projects are a blend of on-demand writing and process writing so students have exposure to writing for a range of topics, time frames, and purposes.
Note of caution: You made find that some students relate very strongly with Holden, the protagonist of The Catcher in the Rye, to a point where it is painful or difficult for them to read the book. Before beginning the unit, you should consider how to preview this issue for students and possibly alert the mental health counselors at your school as well.
Texts and Materials
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Core Materials
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Book: The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger (Little, Brown and Company, 1991)
Supporting Materials
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Short Story: “A&P” by John Updike
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Article: “J. D. Salinger, Literary Recluse, Dies at 91” by Charles McGrath (New York Times, 2010)
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Poem: “Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College” by Thomas Gray (CommonLit.org, 2014-2018)
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Article: “Depression: Signs and Symptoms” (National Institute of Mental Health)
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Article: “The Complexity of Fear” by Mary C. Lamia (PsychologyToday.com)
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Poem: “Comin thro’ the Rye” by Robert Burns (Poetry Foundation, 2018)
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Excerpt: The Bible (Contemporary English Version) (Luke 5:1-11)
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Excerpt: The Bible (Contemporary English Version) (Matthew 10)
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Excerpt: The Bible (New Living Translation) (Mark 5)
Assessment
These assessments accompany Unit 11 and should be given on the days suggested in the Lesson Map. Additionally, there are formative and creative assessments integrated into the unit to prepare students for the Performance Task.
Content Assessment
The Content Assessment tests students' ability to read a "cold" or unfamiliar passage and answer multiple choice and short answer questions. Additionally, a longer writing prompt pushes students to synthesize unit content knowledge or unit essential questions in writing. The Content Assessment should be used as the primary assessment because it shows mastery of unit content knowledge and standards.
Unit Prep
Intellectual Prep
- Read and annotate The Catcher in the Rye with the key thematic questions in mind.
- Track how Holden copes with this corruption and loss of innocence. Keep in mind your perspective of Holden (as an adult) and what your students’ perspective of him might be.
- Read and annotate all of the paired poems, articles, and biblical references.
- Take the exam and write your mastery response to the essay portion of the exam.
- Read the short story “A&P,” and consider how you might use it to assess students’ reading abilities at the beginning of the year and introduce some key skills necessary for analyzing The Catcher in the Rye.
Essential Questions
- Fear and Anxiety: How do fear and anxiety drive action?
- Innocence and Corruption: What is corruption and how does it affect our lives and our decisions?
- Isolation and Loneliness: What leads one to feel isolated or alone?
Writing Focus Areas
English Lessons Writing Focus Areas
The focus of this unit is primarily on the development of a clear and relevant thesis. In addition, the teacher should focus on layered evidence that is embedded throughout the open response in the form of partial quotations. Teachers should work on eliminating “in the text it says,” “this proves that,” and other similar phrases from all writing during this unit.
Composition Projects Writing Focus Areas
- Thesis: Clear and relevant thesis (focused on a particular feature of the text)
- Evidence/Details: Effectively uses best evidence/details to support topic/position
- Analysis: Context clearly and sufficiently frames evidence
- Diction: Includes precise language and advanced vocabulary
- Professionally Revised: Complete and follows guidelines; adequate revisions
There are narrative and analysis writing projects included with this unit. For each project we detail writing focus areas that we recommend teachers instruct, provide feedback, and assess student writing based on. Each focus area is aligned to a row on our Composition Writing Rubric.
Related Teacher Tools:
Vocabulary
Literary Terms
tone, diction, juxtaposition, unreliable narrator, characterization, allusion, irony, symbolism, plot, theme
Roots and Affixes
anim- (unanimous), sad-/Sade (sadist), cog- (incognito)
Text-based
A&P: mundane, prim, colony, decent
The Catcher in the Rye: corruption, phony (12), ostracized (6), qualm (17), compulsory (20), sadistic (26), exhibitionist (33), rile (39), monotonous (42), unscrupulous (45), pacifist (52), lavish (59), conscientious (62), unanimous (64), modest (64), incognito (68), suave (72), putrid (77), verification (78), crude (78), immaterial (81), witty (84), ignorant (82), humble (94), fiend (95), rake (104), suave (104), premature (109), atheist (112), bourgeois (121), stereotype, conceited (150), sacrilegious (152), sophisticated (157), boisterous (166), economizing (170), ostracizing (184), intellectual (200), digression (202), pedagogical (203), provocative (203), nobly (208), reciprocal (209)
Idioms and Cultural References
The Catcher in the Rye: “ironical” (11), “chiffonier” (13), “give my regards” (48), “chewed the rag” (31), “chew the old bull” (16), “horsing around” (28), monastery (56), “lousy with” (62), jitterbugging (81), “yellow” (100), “dolled up” (102), “clavichord” (102), “rubbernecks” (117), “a king's ransom” (119), “got the ax” (120), Judas (111), “chisel me” (113), Romeo and Juliet (123), Hamlet (130), “Ivy League” (141), “trim the tree” (144), “inferiority complex” (150), “elevator boy” (173), Benedict Arnold (179), “flit” (159), “chewing the fat” (189), “make it snappy” (192), Bloomingdales (217)
A&P: “smooth your feathers,” “people are sheep”
Content Knowledge and Connections
Students will become familiar with the concept of “corruption” and how it impacts us as well as children in society.
Previous Fishtank ELA Connections
While quite different in setting and plot from Purple Hibiscus in 9th Grade ELA - Purple Hibiscus, both novels are examples of coming-of-age novels.
Future Fishtank ELA Connections
Students will continue to discuss how fear and anxiety drives action throughout the year, most importantly, in 10th Grade ELA - The Crucible (2021). Students will also continue to discuss tone throughout several works this year and be able to refer back to how Salinger creates Holden’s tone. Lastly, corruption of government ( 10th Grade ELA - The Crucible (2021) and 10th Grade ELA - Macbeth (2021)) is brought up throughout the year.
Lesson Map
Composition Projects
These projects are optional and serve as a great way to enrich students' experience and deepen their content knowledge in this unit. If teachers have flex days in their schedules, we strongly recommend any of the below options.
Common Core Standards
Core Standards
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