Death of a Salesman (2020)

Lesson 4
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ELA

Unit 10

7th Grade

Lesson 4 of 14

Objective


Analyze how Miller uses juxtaposition of the stockings to symbolize his inability to provide for his family.

Readings and Materials


  • Book: Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller  pp. 34 – 41

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Target Task


Multiple Choice

What do the stockings symbolize? 

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Sample Response

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Writing Prompt

How does Miller use juxtaposition to convey the symbolism of the stockings? 

What to look for in student response:

Miller juxtaposes the image of Linda (Willy’s wife) with the image of “The Woman” that he had an affair with. We know this from p. 36 to p. 39, after the stage directions state, “Linda starts to darn stockings….” Then the scene transitions from Willy talking with Linda to Willy talking to The Woman. Even when the conversation of The Woman fades away, her voice is still juxtaposed with Linda’s. An example of this can be found on p. 38 where Willy is hearing the laughter of The Woman even though he is speaking to Linda. This conveys how materials like the stockings and possibly other sensual things remind Willy of the affair. 

Also, Linda is darning, which is like a chore, versus The Woman, who is wearing them as part of a sexy outfit and receiving them as a gift from Willy. 

A sub-symbol of the stockings is the idea of financial insecurity. When Linda tries to fix her stockings on p. 39 and states how expensive they are, Willy interrupts by saying, “I won’t have you mending stockings in this house!” This is a manifestation of his insecure feelings toward his financial situation.

Key Questions


  • p. 38 - Why is it significant that Arthur Miller doesn’t give The Woman a name? What does that tell the reader about what she symbolizes to Willy? 
  • p. 39 - Circle the word “stockings” on page 39. What is symbolic about the stockings? 
  • p. 41 - Rags to Riches reference: What does Willy mean by, “There was a man started with the clothes on his back and ended up with diamond mines”? (He is referring to the American Dream again!)
  • p. 41 - What does Alaska symbolize for Willy? How does the symbol of Alaska help the reader understand Willy’s perspective on achieving happiness?

Notes


  • This lesson addresses an essential question.
  • One interpretation of the symbolism of Alaska is that it symbolizes wealth and regret. It symbolizes the life he could have had if he left with his brother for Alaska and hadn’t stayed in Brooklyn as a salesman. Alaska represents Willy Loman’s version of the American Dream. He equates the American Dream of freedom and happiness with his get-rich-quickly scheme in Alaska.
  • Background information: 
    • A stocking is a woman’s garment (tights) made of nylon or silk.
    • During the war, any available silk, nylon, and sometimes rayon were needed to make parachutes, tents and other fine materials. Women were asked to donate their used stockings to the war effort. Once word got out that there might be a shortage of silk and nylon stockings, women flooded the stores, buying up all they could, thus creating a drastic inflation of pricing. Demand settled down, but they generally were still too expensive for women to afford to replace often. In the 1940s stockings became a precious commodity.

Common Core Standards


  • RL.7.4 — Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of rhymes and other repetitions of sounds (e.g., alliteration) on a specific verse or stanza of a poem or section of a story or drama.
  • RL.7.5 — Analyze how a drama's or poem's form or structure (e.g., soliloquy, sonnet) contributes to its meaning.

Next

Analyze how Linda’s dialogue contributes to the playwright’s critique of American culture (of capitalism).

Lesson 5
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