EU 1.2 — Evaluating an argument is a complex task that includes analyzing stated and implied claims, logical reasoning, supporting evidence, and stylistic elements.

EU 1.3 — Analyzing literature is a complex task that includes making inferences, examining an author's use of literary and stylistic elements, and drawing conclusions about the meaning of the work as a whole.

EU 1.4 — A text may be read in conversation with other texts or in the broader context in which it was written or read.

EU 2.2 — Constructing an argument is a crucial skill with importance in academic, civic, social, and workplace settings.

EU 2.3 — Writing an analysis requires interpreting the relevant details and features of a work and explaining their relationship to the meaning of the work as a whole.

EU 3.3 — Conventions of standard English are used to aid the reader's understanding, and authors may use or defy these conventions to achieve different stylistic effects.

EU 5.1 — Academic discourse requires collaboration to advance and deepen understanding of topics or texts.

L.9-10.1 — Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

L.9-10.1.a — Use parallel structure.

L.9-10.1.b — Use various types of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, absolute) and clauses (independent, dependent; noun, relative, adverbial) to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations.

L.9-10.3.a — Write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual (e.g., MLA Handbook, Turabian's Manual for Writers) appropriate for the discipline and writing type.

LO 1.1A — Analyze a wide range of texts for multiple meanings.

LO 1.2A — Analyze the development of an argument, evaluating its central claim(s), the soundness of the reasoning, and the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence.

LO 1.2B — Explain how the rhetorical features of an argument contribute to its effect and meaning.

LO 1.3A —  Analyze how literary elements interact to develop the central ideas of a work of literature.

LO 1.3B —  Analyze how the writer's use of stylistic elements contributes to a work of literature's effects and meaning.

LO 1.4A — Explain the relationship between a text and its historical or cultural context.

LO 1.4B — Synthesize ideas from multiple texts and explain how the texts may convey different perspectives on a common theme or idea.

LO 2.2A — Assert a precise central claim.

LO 2.2B — Develop a line of sound reasoning and choose an organizing structure to convey that reasoning to the reader.

LO 2.2C — Support a claim by selecting and incorporating evidence that is relevant, sufficient, and convincing.

LO 2.3A — Assert a precise central claim that establishes the relationship between a work's features and overall meaning.

LO 2.3B — Organize ideas and evidence to effectively develop and support a thesis.

LO 2.3C — Select and incorporate relevant and compelling evidence to support a thesis.

LO 2.3D — Use an appropriate style and carefully selected language to strengthen an analysis.

LO 5.1A — Extend the conversation around an idea, topic, or text by formulating questions and recognizing the claims and perspectives of others.

LO 5.1B — Cite relevant evidence and evaluate the evidence presented by others.

RI.9-10.1 — Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

RI.9-10.2 — Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.

RI.9-10.3 — Analyze how the author unfolds an analysis or series of ideas or events, including the order in which the points are made, how they are introduced and developed, and the connections that are drawn between them.

RI.9-10.4 — Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language of a court opinion differs from that of a newspaper).

RI.9-10.5 — Analyze in detail how an author's ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text (e.g., a section or chapter).

RI.9-10.6 — Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose.

RL.9-10.1 — Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

RL.9-10.2 — Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.

RL.9-10.3 — Analyze how complex characters (e.g., those with multiple or conflicting motivations) develop over the course of a text, interact with other characters, and advance the plot or develop the theme.

RL.9-10.4 — Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language evokes a sense of time and place; how it sets a formal or informal tone).

RL.9-10.4 — Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language evokes a sense of time and place; how it sets a formal or informal tone).

SL.9-10.1 — Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 9—10 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively.

SL.9-10.2 — Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source.

W.9-10.1 — Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

W.9-10.1.a — Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.

W.9-10.1.b — Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level and concerns.

W.9-10.1.c — Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.

W.9-10.1.d — Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.

W.9-10.1.e — Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.

W.9-10.2 — Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.

W.9-10.2.a — Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

W.9-10.2.b — Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic.

W.9-10.2.c — Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.

W.9-10.2.d — Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.

W.9-10.2.e — Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.

W.9-10.2.f — Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or the significance of the topic).

W.9-10.9 — Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

RL.9-10.5 — Analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure a text, order events within it (e.g., parallel plots), and manipulate time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks) create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise.