Functions

Lesson 4

Math

Unit 4

8th Grade

Lesson 4 of 12

Objective


Represent functions with equations.

Common Core Standards


Core Standards

  • 8.F.A.1 — Understand that a function is a rule that assigns to each input exactly one output. The graph of a function is the set of ordered pairs consisting of an input and the corresponding output. Function notation is not required in Grade 8.
  • 8.F.B.4 — Construct a function to model a linear relationship between two quantities. Determine the rate of change and initial value of the function from a description of a relationship or from two (x, y) values, including reading these from a table or from a graph. Interpret the rate of change and initial value of a linear function in terms of the situation it models, and in terms of its graph or a table of values.

Foundational Standards

  • 7.RP.A.2.B
  • 7.RP.A.2.C

Criteria for Success


  1. Write an equation to represent a rule for a function when the initial value is 0.
  2. Write an equation to represent a rule for a function when there is a non-zero initial value. 
  3. Evaluate a function equation for given values.

Tips for Teachers


  • This lesson builds off of Lesson 3, where students identified rates of change and initial values of functions. In this lesson, students use these properties to construct equations for real-world functions (MP.4). 
  • The Anchor Problems in this lesson build on one another. In Anchor Problem 1, students look at a situation where the initial value is 0 with a single rate of change. In Anchor Problem 2, students use the same rate of change, but must determine how a non-zero initial value changes the equation. In Anchor Problem 3, students find the rate of change and interpret the initial value from a table in order to write the equation. 
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Anchor Problems

25-30 minutes


Problem 1

Water flows from a faucet into a bathtub at a constant rate of 7 gallons of water pouring out every 2 minutes. The bathtub is initially empty and the plug is in.

a.   Determine a rule that describes the volume of water in the tub as a function of time. Write your rule as an equation. 

b.   If the tub can hold 50 gallons of water, how long will it take to fill the tub?

Guiding Questions

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Student Response

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References

EngageNY Mathematics Grade 8 Mathematics > Module 5 > Topic A > Lesson 3Example 4

Grade 8 Mathematics > Module 5 > Topic A > Lesson 3 of the New York State Common Core Mathematics Curriculum from EngageNY and Great Minds. © 2015 Great Minds. Licensed by EngageNY of the New York State Education Department under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US license. Accessed Dec. 2, 2016, 5:15 p.m..

Modified by Fishtank Learning, Inc.

Problem 2

You are filling the same tub (from Anchor Problem 1) with water flowing in at the same constant rate, but there were initially 8 gallons of water in the tub.

a.   Determine a new rule that describes the volume of water in the tub as a function of time. Write your rule as an equation. 

b.   The tub can still hold 50 gallons of water. How long will it take now to fill the tub?

Guiding Questions

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Student Response

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References

EngageNY Mathematics Grade 8 Mathematics > Module 5 > Topic A > Lesson 3Example 4

Grade 8 Mathematics > Module 5 > Topic A > Lesson 3 of the New York State Common Core Mathematics Curriculum from EngageNY and Great Minds. © 2015 Great Minds. Licensed by EngageNY of the New York State Education Department under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US license. Accessed Dec. 2, 2016, 5:15 p.m..

Modified by Fishtank Learning, Inc.

Problem 3

Water flows from a faucet at a constant rate. Assume that 6 gallons of water are already in a tub by the time we notice the faucet is on. This information is recorded in the first column of the table below. The other columns show how many gallons of water are in the tub at different numbers of minutes since we noticed the running faucet. 

Time in minutes ($$x$$) 0 3 5 9
Total volume in tub in gallons ($$y$$) 6 9.6 12 16.8

a.   What is the rate of change? Explain what this means in the context of the situation.

b.   Write an equation that describes the volume of water in the tub as a function of time.

c.   How long was the faucet on before it was noticed? 

Guiding Questions

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Student Response

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References

EngageNY Mathematics Grade 8 Mathematics > Module 5 > Topic A > Lesson 3Example 5

Grade 8 Mathematics > Module 5 > Topic A > Lesson 3 of the New York State Common Core Mathematics Curriculum from EngageNY and Great Minds. © 2015 Great Minds. Licensed by EngageNY of the New York State Education Department under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US license. Accessed Dec. 2, 2016, 5:15 p.m..

Modified by Fishtank Learning, Inc.

Problem Set

15-20 minutes


Give your students more opportunities to practice the skills in this lesson with a downloadable problem set aligned to the daily objective.

Target Task

5-10 minutes


Edwin purchased a used car to drive himself back and forth from his new job. He only uses the car to drive to work and back home, and he takes the same route each time. The table below shows the mileage of the car and the number of days that Edwin has taken the car to work.

days drive to work, $$x$$ 2 6 10 20
total miles on car, $$y$$ 62,489 62,507 62,525 62,570

a.   How many miles does Edwin drive on a workday, round trip?

b.   How many miles were on the car when Edwin bought it?

c.   Write an equation that describes the number of miles on the car as a function of the number of days that Edwin drives it to work.

d.   What will be the mileage of Edwin’s car after he drives it to and from work 100 days?

Student Response

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Additional Practice


The following resources include problems and activities aligned to the objective of the lesson that can be used for additional practice or to create your own problem set.

Next

Read inputs and outputs in graphs of functions. Determine if graphs are functions.

Lesson 5
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Lesson Map

A7CB09C2-D12F-4F55-80DB-37298FF0A765

Topic A: Defining Functions

Topic B: Representing and Interpreting Functions

Topic C: Comparing Functions

Topic D: Describing and Drawing Graphs of Functions

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