Descriptive Statistics

Lesson 3

Math

Unit 2

9th Grade

Lesson 3 of 22

Objective


Represent data in a histogram and calculate the center. Identify when the median and mean are not the same value.

Common Core Standards


Core Standards

  • HSS-ID.A.1 — Represent data with plots on the real number line (dot plots, histograms, and box plots).

Foundational Standards

  • 6.SP.B.4
  • 7.SP.B.4

Criteria for Success


  1. Understand that histograms are a way to organize univariate data and identify the variable that the histogram is describing. 
  2. Create histograms using appropriate bin width and scale.
  3. Find the mean and median of a data set, and mark these in the histogram.
  4. Describe why the mean and median may not be in the same location. Make conjectures about the data set based on the location of the mean and the median. 

Tips for Teachers


In this lesson, students are asked to observe some differences between mean and median in a data set but will not need to be proficient at relating this to the skew of the data set until the end of lesson 4. 

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Anchor Problems

25-30 minutes


Problem 1

The information in the table represents the number of single-family residential homes in Boston and their respective assessed value for fiscal year 2017. 

Sketch a histogram based on the data in the table. 

Guiding Questions

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References

Analyze Boston Property Assessment

Property Assessment published by Department of Innovation and Technology is made available by Analyze Boston under the Open Data Commons PDDL. Accessed June 26, 2017, 2:31 p.m..

Problem 2

Identify which histograms belong with the measures of center shown. Explain your reasoning. 

Guiding Questions

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Problem Set

15-20 minutes


Give your students more opportunities to practice the skills in this lesson with a downloadable problem set aligned to the daily objective.

Target Task

5-10 minutes


Each of the 20 students in Mr. Anderson’s class timed how long it took them to solve a puzzle. Their times, in minutes, are listed below.

  1. Display the data using a histogram. 
  2. Find the mean and the median of the data. Does it surprise you that the values of the mean and median are not equal? Explain why or why not. 

References

Illustrative Mathematics Puzzle TimesAdapted to have students create a histogram rather than a dot plot.

Puzzle Times, accessed on June 21, 2017, 9:46 a.m., is licensed by Illustrative Mathematics under either the CC BY 4.0 or CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. For further information, contact Illustrative Mathematics.

Additional Practice


The following resources include problems and activities aligned to the objective of the lesson that can be used for additional practice or to create your own problem set.

  • Use as many real data sets as possible for the problems. Follow the set of guidelines for technology to also give students several different entry points for creating a histogram. It isn’t necessary for them to always start with a raw data set. 
  • Give students error analysis problems where the bins overlap or are missing values, and ask students to determine what is wrong. 
  • Find the bin with the mean and the median in it and predict the shape of the histogram based on this. (This will be formalized in the next lesson). 
  • Give students already-created histograms to analyze. Compare the representation in a histogram with that of a box plot. 

Next

Describe the shape of the data in box plots and histograms. Choose an appropriate measure of center (or an appropriate shape) based on the shape and the relationship between the mean and the median.

Lesson 4
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Lesson Map

A7CB09C2-D12F-4F55-80DB-37298FF0A765

Topic A: Descriptive Statistics in Univariate Data

Topic B: Descriptive Statistics in Bivariate Data

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