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Rational and Radical Functions
Students will extend their understanding of inverse functions to functions with a degree higher than 1, and factor and simplify rational expressions to reveal domain restrictions and asymptotes.
Math
Unit 4
11th Grade
Unit Summary
In Unit 4, students will extend their understanding of inverse functions to functions with a degree higher than 1. Alongside this concept, students will factor and simplify rational expressions and functions to reveal domain restrictions and asymptotes. Students will become fluent in operating with rational and radical expressions and use the structure to model contextual situations. In this unit, students will also revisit the concept of an extraneous solution, first introduced in Unit 1, through the solution of radical and rational equations.
The unit begins with Topic A, where there is a focus on understanding the graphical and algebraic connections between rational and radical expressions, as well as fluently writing these expressions in different forms. In Topic B, students delve deeper into rational equations and functions and identify characteristics such as the $$x$$- and $$y$$-intercepts, asymptotes, and removable discontinuities based on the relationship between the degree of the numerator and denominator of the rational expression. Students will also connect these features with the transformation of the parent function of a rational function. In Topic C, students solve rational and radical equations, identifying extraneous solutions, then modeling and solving equations in situations where rational and radical functions are necessary. Students will connect the domain algebraically with the context and interpret solutions.
Pacing: 20 instructional days (18 lessons, 1 flex day, 1 assessment day)
Assessment
The following assessments accompany Unit 4.
Post-Unit
Use the resources below to assess student understanding of the unit content and action plan for future units.
Unit Prep
Intellectual Prep
Internalization of Standards via the Unit Assessment
- Take unit assessment. Annotate for:
- Standards that each question aligns to
- Purpose of each question: spiral, foundational, mastery, developing
- Strategies and representations used in daily lessons
- Relationship to Essential Understandings of unit
- Lesson(s) that assessment points to
Internalization of Trajectory of Unit
- Read and annotate “Unit Summary."
- Notice the progression of concepts through the unit using “Unit at a Glance.”
- Do all target tasks. Annotate the target tasks for:
- Essential understandings
- Connection to assessment questions
Essential Understandings
- A rational function is a ratio of polynomial functions. If a rational function does not have a constant in the denominator, the graph of the rational function features asymptotic behavior and can have other features of discontinuity.
- Rational and radical equations that have algebraic numerators or denominators operate within the same rules as fractions.
- Extraneous solutions may result due to domain restrictions in rational or radical functions.
- Rational functions can be used to model situations in which two polynomials or root functions are divided.
Vocabulary
| Vertical and horizontal asymptote | Invertible functions |
| Rational function | Zero product property |
| Rational expression | Asymptotic discontinuities (infinite) |
| Domain restriction | Removable discontinuities |
| Square root / cube root | End behavior |
| Extraneous solutions | Sign chart |
Lesson Map
Topic A: Introduction to Rational and Radical Functions and Expressions
Topic B: Features of Rational Functions and Graphing Rational Functions
Topic C: Solve Rational and Radical Equations and Model with Rational Functions
Common Core Standards
Key
Major Cluster
Supporting Cluster
Additional Cluster
Core Standards
Arithmetic with Polynomials and Rational Expressions
Building Functions
Creating Equations
High School — Number and Quantity
Interpreting Functions
Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities
Foundational Standards
Arithmetic with Polynomials and Rational Expressions
Building Functions
Creating Equations
Expressions and Equations
Interpreting Functions
Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities
Seeing Structure in Expressions
Standards for Mathematical Practice
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP1 — Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP2 — Reason abstractly and quantitatively.
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP3 — Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP4 — Model with mathematics.
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP5 — Use appropriate tools strategically.
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP6 — Attend to precision.
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP7 — Look for and make use of structure.
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP8 — Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.
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