Math  /  10th Grade  /  Unit 6: Three-Dimensional Measurement and Application

Three-Dimensional Measurement and Application

Students extend their understanding of circles, volume, and surface area into modeling situations, formula analysis, and deeper conceptual understandings.

Math

Unit 6

10th Grade

Unit Summary

In Unit 6, students derive, describe, and use formulas for area and circumference of a circle, and volume and surface area of three-dimensional figures. In addition, students identify two-dimensional shapes that when spun around an axis will form a particular three-dimensional figure, identify cross-sections of three-dimensional figures, and analyze modeling situations. 

In this unit, students build on their previous understanding of circles, volume, and surface area they developed throughout elementary and middle school to extend their reasoning into modeling situations, formula analysis, and deeper conceptual understandings. The primary foundational content students will need to have prior to beginning this unit are knowing the formulas for area and circumference of a circle from 7th Grade Math; knowing the formulas for volume of a cone, cylinder, and sphere from 8th Grade Math; and using Pythagorean Theorem from 8th Grade Math and Unit 4. 

The Unit begins with Topic A, Area and Circumference of Circles, where students refresh their understanding of area and circumference to solve problems. If students are proficient at these skills, the first three lessons may be skipped or combined. In Topic B, Three-Dimensional Concepts and General Volume, students build on their understanding of two-dimensional figures to develop an understanding of three-dimensional measurement and dimension through revolving two-dimensional figures around an axis, slices, and volume. Topic C, Cavalieri’s Principle, Spheres, and Composite Volume, explores Cavalieri’s principle with the purpose of comparing volumes of oblique and right figures and developing the underpinnings for the formula for the volume of a sphere, used in eighth grade Geometry. Topic C also challenges students to find the volume of nonstandard three-dimensional figures by adding or subtracting volumes of known figures. The unit concludes with Topic D, Surface Area, Scaling, and Modeling with Geometry, which focuses on modeling situations requiring the use of volume, surface area, density, rates, and unit conversions. Students are required to make general plans for the solution of problems, determine the measurements and formulas necessary to carry out these plans, evaluate the plans, and determine a final solution. The use of appropriate measurement is necessary for the estimates in this topic of the unit. 

The material from this unit is foundational to applications in Algebra 2 and solids of revolutions through integration in Calculus.

Pacing: 20 instructional days (18 lessons, 1 flex day, 1 assessment day)

Assessment

The following assessments accompany Unit 6.

Post-Unit

Use the resources below to assess student understanding of the unit content and action plan for future units.

Unit Prep

Intellectual Prep

Internalization of Standards via the Unit Assessment

  • Take unit assessment. Annotate for: 
    • Standards that each question aligns to
    • Purpose of each question: spiral, foundational, mastery, developing
    • Strategies and representations used in daily lessons
    • Relationship to Essential Understandings of unit 
    • Lesson(s) that assessment points to

Internalization of Trajectory of Unit

  • Read and annotate the Unit Summary.
  • Notice the progression of concepts through the unit using the Lesson Map.
  • Do all target tasks. Annotate the target tasks for: 
    • Essential understandings
    • Connection to assessment questions

Essential Understandings

  • Describe and use the formulas for area and circumference of a circle. 
  • Define a three-dimensional figure in terms of its vertices, edges, and faces to find the volume, lateral surface area, and surface area. 
  • Describe the relationship between two-dimensional slices, cross sections, and shapes to be revolved around an axis to form three-dimensional figures. 
  • Use and develop formulas for finding volume of right and oblique shapes as well as comparing volumes. 
  • Identify appropriate measurement precision and levels of calculation necessary to solve a modeling problem. 
  • Develop and execute plans for multistep modeling problems with geometric concepts, including volume, surface area, density, rate, and unit conversions.

Vocabulary

area of a circle circumference of a circle
radius diameter
level of precision point (vertex)
line (edge) plane (face)
polyhedron right and oblique prism
right and oblique pyramid apex
right and oblique cylinder right and oblique cone
revolution around an axis volume formulas
Pythagorean Theorem cross-section
slice sphere
Cavalieri's principle truncated cone
truncated pyramid lateral surface area
surface area displacement
dimenional analysis density

Materials

Lesson Map

Topic A: Area and Circumference of Circles

Topic B: Three-Dimensional Concepts and General Volume

Topic C: Cavalieri's Principle, Spheres, and Composite Volume

Topic D: Surface Area, Scaling, and Modeling with Geometry

Common Core Standards

Key

Major Cluster

Supporting Cluster

Additional Cluster

Core Standards

Congruence

  • G.CO.A.1 — Know precise definitions of angle, circle, perpendicular line, parallel line, and line segment, based on the undefined notions of point, line, distance along a line, and distance around a circular arc.

Geometric Measurement and Dimension

  • G.GMD.A.1 — Give an informal argument for the formulas for the circumference of a circle, area of a circle, volume of a cylinder, pyramid, and cone. Use dissection arguments, Cavalieri's principle, and informal limit arguments.
  • G.GMD.A.2 — Give an informal argument using Cavalieri's principle for the formulas for the volume of a sphere and other solid figures.
  • G.GMD.A.3 — Use volume formulas for cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres to solve problems.
  • G.GMD.B.4 — Identify the shapes of two-dimensional cross-sections of three-dimensional objects, and identify three-dimensional objects generated by rotations of two-dimensional objects.

High School — Number and Quantity

  • N.Q.A.1 — Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.
  • N.Q.A.2 — Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.
  • N.Q.A.3 — Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities.

Modeling with Geometry

  • G.MG.A.1 — Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder). Modeling is best interpreted not as a collection of isolated topics but in relation to other standards. Making mathematical models is a Standard for Mathematical Practice, and specific modeling standards appear throughout the high school standards indicated by a star symbol (★). The star symbol sometimes appears on the heading for a group of standards; in that case, it should be understood to apply to all standards in that group.
  • G.MG.A.2 — Apply concepts of density based on area and volume in modeling situations (e.g., persons per square mile, BTUs per cubic foot). Modeling is best interpreted not as a collection of isolated topics but in relation to other standards. Making mathematical models is a Standard for Mathematical Practice, and specific modeling standards appear throughout the high school standards indicated by a star symbol (★). The star symbol sometimes appears on the heading for a group of standards; in that case, it should be understood to apply to all standards in that group.
  • G.MG.A.3 — Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic grid systems based on ratios).

Seeing Structure in Expressions

  • A.SSE.A.1 — Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Modeling is best interpreted not as a collection of isolated topics but in relation to other standards. Making mathematical models is a Standard for Mathematical Practice, and specific modeling standards appear throughout the high school standards indicated by a star symbol (★). The star symbol sometimes appears on the heading for a group of standards; in that case, it should be understood to apply to all standards in that group.

Similarity, Right Triangles, and Trigonometry

  • G.SRT.C.8 — Use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve right triangles in applied problems. Modeling is best interpreted not as a collection of isolated topics but in relation to other standards. Making mathematical models is a Standard for Mathematical Practice, and specific modeling standards appear throughout the high school standards indicated by a star symbol (★). The star symbol sometimes appears on the heading for a group of standards; in that case, it should be understood to apply to all standards in that group.

Foundational Standards

Congruence

  • G.CO.C.10

Creating Equations

  • A.CED.A.2
  • A.CED.A.4

Geometry

  • 4.G.A.1
  • 5.G.A.1
  • 7.G.A.3
  • 7.G.B.4
  • 7.G.B.6
  • 8.G.B.7
  • 8.G.C.9

Future Standards

Geometric Measurement and Dimension

  • G.GMD.A.2

Modeling with Geometry

  • G.MG.A.1
  • G.MG.A.2
  • G.MG.A.3

Standards for Mathematical Practice

  • CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP1 — Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.

  • CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP2 — Reason abstractly and quantitatively.

  • CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP3 — Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.

  • CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP4 — Model with mathematics.

  • CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP5 — Use appropriate tools strategically.

  • CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP6 — Attend to precision.

  • CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP7 — Look for and make use of structure.

  • CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP8 — Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.

Read Next

Three-Dimensional Measurement and Application
Lesson 1
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