Percent and Scaling
Students expand on and apply their understanding of percentages by studying percent increase and decrease, percent applications such as tax and simple interest, and scaled geometric drawings.
Unit Summary
In Unit 5, seventh-grade students use their understanding of ratios and proportions from Unit 1 to solve various real-world applications involving percentages and scale drawings. They begin the unit by studying the relationship between percent, part, and whole using familiar strategies from sixth grade as well as new strategies from this year, such as proportions. Students then investigate how percentages can be used to represent increases and decreases in quantities. They use visual diagrams to model these situations and to understand how 100% plus 20% of a value is the same as 120% of that value (MP.2). Students continue to build fluency with percent problems as they solve real-world problems such as calculating purchase totals while considering discounts and tax. Lastly, students study scale drawings and learn how a scale can be used to create scale copies of large measurements such as maps or floor plans. They apply proportional reasoning and strategically use tools to re-create scale drawings or find actual measures from scale drawings (MP.5). Throughout this unit, students use skills and concepts they already have to make sense of and reason through new problems (MP.1), including continuing to work with a range of rational numbers.
In sixth grade, students learned several strategies to solve ratio and rate problems, including tables, tape diagrams, double number lines, and equations. They also defined percent as a rate per 100 and solved percent problems to find the whole, part, or percent. These standards are foundational to this seventh-grade unit, and the first four lessons in this unit incorporate these concepts and skills.
In eighth grade, students will refine their understanding of scale and scale drawings when they study dilations in their transformations unit. They will define similar figures and use dilations and other transformations to prove that two images are similar or scale drawings of one another.
Pacing: 23 instructional days (19 lessons, 3 flex days, 1 assessment day)
For guidance on adjusting the pacing for the 2020-2021 school year due to school closures, see our 7th Grade Scope and Sequence Recommended Adjustments.
Assessment
This assessment accompanies Unit 5 and should be given on the suggested assessment day or after completing the unit.
Unit Prep
Intellectual Prep
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Internalization of Standards via the Post-Unit Assessment
- Take the Post-Unit Assessment. Annotate for:
- Standards that each question aligns to
- Strategies and representations used in daily lessons
- Relationship to Essential Questions of unit
- Lesson(s) that Assessment points to
Internalization of Trajectory of Unit
- Read and annotate the Unit Summary.
- Notice the progression of concepts through the unit using the Lesson Map.
- Do all Target Tasks. Annotate the Target Tasks for:
- Essential Understandings
- Connection to Post-Unit Assessment questions
- Identify key opportunities to engage students in academic discourse. Read through our Teacher Tool on Academic Discourse and refer back to it throughout the unit.
Unit-Specific Intellectual Prep
- Read the following Progressions for the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics for the standards relevant to this unit
- Read the following table that includes models used throughout the unit
| Model | Example |
| Table |
280 students attend a carnival, representing 80% of the school.
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| Tape diagram |
280 students attend a carnival, representing 80% of the school.
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| Double number line |
280 students attend a carnival, representing 80% of the school.
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| Proportion |
280 students attend a carnival, representing 80% of the school. $$\frac{280}{x}=\frac{80}{100}$$ $$x=350$$ |
| Percent equation |
280 students attend a carnival, representing 80% of the school. $$280=0.80x$$ $$x=280/0.80$$ $$x=350$$ |
Essential Understandings
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- Percentages can be used to understand the relationship between parts of quantities and the whole quantity. Percentages can also be used to understand how quantities change in relation to their starting values. As a result, we can use percentages to model many real-world applications such as price changes and simple interest.
- Scale drawings are proportional to one another by a measure called the scale factor.
- Scales, such as “1 inch represents 10 miles,” enable us to draw and work with large or small objects and measures at scale, for example maps and floor plans.
Vocabulary
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commission
percent increase/percent decrease
markup/markdown
discount
tax
scale factor
tip
simple interest
measurement error
percent error
scale
corresponding
scale image/drawing
To see all the vocabulary for this course, view our 7th Grade Vocabulary Glossary.
Materials
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- Ruler
- Graph paper
- Blank paper
- String (or other flexible measuring tool)
Lesson Map
Topic A: Percent, Part, and Whole
1
7.RP.A.3
Define percent and convert between fractions, decimals, and percentages. Solve percent problems mentally with benchmark percentages.
2
7.RP.A.3
7.NS.A.3
Find percent of a number when given percent and the whole.
3
7.RP.A.3
7.NS.A.3
Find the whole given a part and percent.
4
7.RP.A.3
7.NS.A.3
Find the percent given a part and the whole.
Topic B: Percent Increase and Decrease
5
7.RP.A.3
7.EE.A.2
Find a new amount given the original and a percent increase or decrease.
6
7.RP.A.3
7.EE.A.2
Find the original amount given a new amount after a given percent increase or decrease.
7
7.RP.A.3
Find the percent of increase or decrease given the original and new amounts.
8
7.RP.A.3
7.EE.A.2
Solve percent problems fluently, including percent increase and decrease.
Topic C: Percent Applications
9
7.RP.A.3
7.EE.B.3
Solve percent applications involving discount, tax, and tip.
10
7.RP.A.3
7.EE.B.3
Solve percent applications involving simple interest, commissions, and other fees.
11
7.RP.A.3
7.EE.B.3
Solve percent applications involving measurement and percent error.
Topic D: Scale Drawings
12
7.G.A.1
Define and identify scale images.
13
7.G.A.1
7.RP.A.3
Define and determine scale factor between two scale images. Use scale factor to draw scale images.
14
7.G.A.1
7.RP.A.3
Use a scale to determine actual measurements.
15
7.G.A.1
7.RP.A.3
Use scales in maps to find actual distances between locations.
16
7.G.A.1
7.RP.A.3
Use scales in floor plans to find actual measurements and dimensions.
17
7.G.A.1
7.RP.A.3
Compute actual areas from scale drawings.
18
7.G.A.1
7.RP.A.3
Draw scale drawings at different scales.
19
7.G.A.1
7.RP.A.3
Create a scale floor plan (optional).
Common Core Standards
Key: Major Cluster Supporting Cluster Additional Cluster
Core Standards
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Expressions and Equations
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7.EE.A.2 — Understand that rewriting an expression in different forms in a problem context can shed light on the problem and how the quantities in it are related. For example, a + 0.05a = 1.05a means that "increase by 5%" is the same as "multiply by 1.05."
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7.EE.B.3 — Solve multi-step real-life and mathematical problems posed with positive and negative rational numbers in any form (whole numbers, fractions, and decimals), using tools strategically. Apply properties of operations to calculate with numbers in any form; convert between forms as appropriate; and assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies. For example: If a woman making $25 an hour gets a 10% raise, she will make an additional 1/10 of her salary an hour, or $2.50, for a new salary of $27.50. If you want to place a towel bar 9 3/4 inches long in the center of a door that is 27 1/2 inches wide, you will need to place the bar about 9 inches from each edge; this estimate can be used as a check on the exact computation.
Geometry
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7.G.A.1 — Solve problems involving scale drawings of geometric figures, including computing actual lengths and areas from a scale drawing and reproducing a scale drawing at a different scale.
Ratios and Proportional Relationships
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7.RP.A.3 — Use proportional relationships to solve multistep ratio and percent problems. Examples: simple interest, tax, markups and markdowns, gratuities and commissions, fees, percent increase and decrease, percent error.
The Number System
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7.NS.A.3 — Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.
Foundational Standards
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Geometry
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6.G.A.1
Number and Operations—Fractions
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5.NF.B.5
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5.NF.B.5.A
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5.NF.B.5.B
Ratios and Proportional Relationships
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6.RP.A.3
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6.RP.A.3.C
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7.RP.A.2
Future Standards
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Geometry
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8.G.A.2
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8.G.A.4
Standards for Mathematical Practice
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP1 — Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP2 — Reason abstractly and quantitatively.
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP3 — Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP4 — Model with mathematics.
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP5 — Use appropriate tools strategically.
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP6 — Attend to precision.
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP7 — Look for and make use of structure.
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CCSS.MATH.PRACTICE.MP8 — Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.