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Finding Connection: The Outsiders
Students explore the topic of coming of age through the story of a young man struggling to determine right and wrong in a world defined by violence.
ELA
Unit 4
6th Grade
Unit Summary
Please Note: In July 2026, this unit and its lesson plans received a round of enhancements. This unit is now 30 instructional days (previously 27 days). The overall content, sequencing, and writing projects of the unit have been adjusted significantly. Teachers should pay close attention as they intellectually prepare to account for the updates.
S. E. Hinton's 1967 novel, The Outsiders, is a classic coming-of-age story. Written when Hinton was just a teenager, the text follows the story of Ponyboy, a young teenager who has recently lost both of his parents and is being raised by his older brothers. Although the text is set in the 1960s, the emotions Ponyboy experiences are timeless and universal, as Hinton captures the inner conflicts and thoughts of a young teenage boy as he navigates the complexities of life as a greaser in a world prejudiced against them. This book is a middle school "classic" for good reason: Ponyboy's story continues to resonate with young readers, even sixty years after its original publication. The book has sold more than fifteen million copies, become a steady feature on school reading lists, been adapted into a film, and helped shape an entire literary genre marketed to young adults.
In this unit, students closely analyze how authors develop the unique perspective of their narrator and track how characters' perspectives change in response to specific events. They also closely analyze how particular incidents, scenes, and chapters fit together to develop the plot, reveal character traits, and advance themes, building a deeper understanding of how an author shapes a cohesive narrative. Additionally, this text provides opportunities to study foreshadowing and how that literary device works to create tension in the text. Students also compare a film version of the core text with the original novel, thinking metacognitively about how the experience of reading is similar and different from viewing a film. This unit also includes informational texts that give students an additional lens through which to better understand the events and characters in The Outsiders, while providing practice in analyzing text structures and text features. In addition, the unit features two poems that allow students to make thematic connections and deepen their understanding of the novel's central ideas.
In writing, students apply their understanding of narrative techniques by crafting an original story about two characters who form an unexpected friendship. As they write, students create distinct characters, establish setting and conflict, and organize events to show how misunderstandings lead to character growth and development. This task builds key skills, including planning character development and plot, revealing character traits through dialogue and action, controlling narrative pacing, and using descriptive details to highlight character growth. Students then shift to argumentative writing as they take a clear position on whether The Outsiders remains relevant for middle school students today. In this essay, students craft a clear claim, organize their ideas logically, and support their argument with specific, well-explained evidence from the novel. Together, these tasks allow students to engage thoughtfully with literature while developing both creative and analytical writing skills.
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Texts and Materials
Some of the links in the sections below are Bookshop affiliate links. This means that if you click and make a purchase, we receive a small portion of the proceeds, which supports our non-profit mission.
Core Texts
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Book: The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton (Speak, 2006) — 750L
Supporting Texts
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Article: “Teen-Agers Are for Real” by Susan Hinton (The New York Times)
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Video: “Typical Teenagers Talk About Teenage Life In 1966” by Global Image Works (YouTube)
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Article: “Are You Following the Herd?” by Holly Corbett (Scholastic Choices)
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lnfographic: Teens and Peer Pressure by Fishtank Staff
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Film: The Outsiders by Francis Ford Coppola (director)
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Poem: “Nothing Gold Can Stay” by Robert Frost
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Poem: “We Real Cool” by Gwendolyn Brooks
- Recommended Texts for Independent Reading
Rubrics
Resources for Lessons and Projects
Assessment
The following assessments accompany Unit 4. For more guidance, see the Summative Assessments and Assessments Accommodations & Modifications Teacher Tools.
Warm Read Assessment
The Warm Read Assessment measures students' ability to apply the core reading standards and their knowledge from the unit to comprehend new, topically or thematically aligned texts. It includes both multiple choice and short written response questions and should serve as the primary assessment for the unit.
Vocabulary Assessment
The Vocabulary Assessment measures students' acquisition of text-based vocabulary words from the unit.
Fluency Assessment
The Fluency Assessment measures students' oral reading fluency with a passage drawn from one of the unit's core texts. See the Assessing Reading Fluency Teacher Tool for more guidance.
Unit Prep
Intellectual Prep
Before you teach this unit, unpack the texts, themes, and core standards through our guided intellectual preparation process. Each Unit Launch includes a series of short videos, targeted readings, and opportunities for action planning to ensure you're prepared to support every student.
Essential Questions
- How does being understood and accepted by others shape a person's life and identity?
- How do stereotypes and prejudices influence the way we see others and ourselves?
- What factors influence our decisions, and how do our significant decisions define us?
Enduring Understandings
- People often see others as being more different from them than they really are; these perceived differences can lead to conflict and even violence.
- All people have a desire to "belong" and form strong connections with others; for some people, friends can become a kind of family.
- It is important to look for beauty in the world, even when things seem bleak or hopeless.
Vocabulary
Text-based
aloofbewildermentcliqueconformcontemptuousconvictiondeliriouseludegallantgrudgeidealisticincredulousmenacepitypremonitionrecklesssophisticatedsubsidesusceptiblevast
Literary Terms
actor's choicealliterationcamera anglecamera movementcutexpositionforeshadowingimagerylightingpersonificationrhythmrhymerising actionsidebarsound
Writing Terms
characterizationdialogueformal stylepacing
To see all the vocabulary for Unit 4, view our 6th Grade Vocabulary Glossary.
Supporting All Students
In order to ensure that all students are able to access the texts and tasks in this unit, it is incredibly important to intellectually prepare to teach the unit prior to launching the unit. Use the guidance provided under 'Notes to the Teacher' below in addition to the Unit Launch to determine which supports students will need at the unit and lesson level. To learn more, visit the Supporting All Students Teacher Tool.
Content Knowledge and Connections
Previous Fishtank ELA Connections
Future Fishtank ELA Connections
Notes to the Teacher
- This book addresses a number of difficult and mature topics, including gang violence, murder, domestic violence, the death of parents, the death of friends, a police shooting/suicide by police, and PTSD/depression. There are also several scenes that include slurs and offensive stereotypes about women, Indigenous people, and people within the LGBTQIA+ community. Consider exploring the following resources during intellectual preparation:
- To reduce stigma around incarceration and create a safe space for this discussion in your classroom, read "Supporting Students With Incarcerated Parents" by Mariah Solis (NEA Today).
- To understand why adults and teenagers of this era would have had a particularly difficult time relating to each other, read "1950s Parents Had No Idea What Their Kids Wanted to Do at Parties" by Allison McNearney (HISTORY.com).
- In this unit, students will watch clips from the movie version of The Outsiders. Please note that there are two versions of the film. The version that is referenced in this unit is The Outsiders (1983, rated PG), not The Outsiders: The Complete Novel (2005, rated PG-13). The timestamps listed in this unit correspond to the original, 1983 release.
- Throughout the unit, encourage students to use the Outsiders Character Chart (G6, U4) to track the development of major characters and facilitate comparisons between characters using evidence from the text. This organizer can also be adapted into a shared resource such as an anchor chart.
Lesson Map
Write an original narrative that develops the relationship between two characters and conveys what they learn from each other.
Plan a narrative by mapping two well-developed characters and determining how their traits and motivations will shape the plot.
- Narrative Brainstorming Page (G6, U4, L13)
- Narrative Graphic Organizer (G6–8)
Standards
W.6.3W.6.3.a
Draft a narrative beginning that introduces characters through descriptive details and nonrestrictive clauses.
- Narrative Brainstorming Page (G6, U4, L13)
- Narrative Graphic Organizer (G6–8)
Standards
L.6.2.aW.6.3.a
Draft scenes that use dialogue to reveal character traits and develop relationships.
- Narrative Brainstorming Page (G6, U4, L13)
- Narrative Graphic Organizer (G6–8)
Standards
W.6.3.b
Draft plot events using transitions and time shifts to control pacing.
- Narrative Brainstorming Page (G6, U4, L13)
- Narrative Graphic Organizer (G6–8)
- Narrative Pacing Reference Sheet (G6–8)
Standards
W.6.3.bW.6.3.c
Revise the beginning and ending of the narrative by adding descriptive details that reveal the characters' development.
- Narrative Graphic Organizer (G6–8)
Standards
W.6.3.dW.6.3.eW.6.5
Write an argumentative essay that takes a clear position on whether The Outsiders is relevant to modern readers and supports the claim with an analysis of evidence from the novel.
Create an outline that states a clear claim and provides sufficient, relevant evidence for each supporting reason.
- Argumentative Brainstorming Page (G6, U4, L21)
- Argumentative Multi-Paragraph Outline (G6–8)
Standards
W.6.1W.6.1.aW.6.1.b
Draft an introduction and a conclusion that establish and maintain a formal tone and style.
- Argumentative Brainstorming Page (G6, U4, L21)
- Argumentative Multi-Paragraph Outline (G6–8)
Standards
W.6.1.aW.6.1.dW.6.1.e
Draft body paragraphs that include strong analysis of how specific text details support and develop the argument.
- Argumentative Multi-Paragraph Outline (G6–8)
Standards
W.6.1.bW.6.1.c
Revise the essay by adding nonrestrictive and restrictive clauses that strengthen the argument.
Standards
L.6.2.aW.6.1.cW.6.5
Projects
These projects are optional and serve as a great way to enrich students' experience and deepen their content knowledge in this unit. If teachers have flex days in their schedules, we strongly recommend any of the below options.