Powering Our Future: Energy

4-PS3-1 — Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object. Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include quantitative measures of changes in the speed of an object or on any precise or quantitative definition of energy.

4-PS3-2 — Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents. Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include quantitative measurements of energy.

4-PS3-3 — Ask questions and predict outcomes about the changes in energy that occur when objects collide. Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the change in the energy due to the change in speed, not on the forces, as objects interact. Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include quantitative measurements of energy.

4-PS3-4 — Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another. Clarification Statement: Examples of devices could include electric circuits that convert electrical energy into motion energy of a vehicle, light, or sound; and, a passive solar heater that converts light into heat. Examples of constraints could include the materials, cost, or time to design the device. Assessment Boundary: Devices should be limited to those that convert motion energy to electric energy or use stored energy to cause motion or produce light or sound.

4-PS4-1 — Develop a model of waves to describe patterns in terms of amplitude and wavelength and that waves can cause objects to move. Clarification Statement: Examples of models could include diagrams, analogies, and physical models using wire to illustrate wavelength and amplitude of waves. Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include interference effects, electromagnetic waves, non-periodic waves, or quantitative models of amplitude and wavelength.

RI.4.2 — Determine the main idea of a text and explain how it is supported by key details; summarize the text.

RI.4.3 — Explain events, procedures, ideas, or concepts in a historical, scientific, or technical text, including what happened and why, based on specific information in the text.

RI.4.7 — Interpret information presented visually, orally, or quantitatively (e.g., in charts, graphs, diagrams, time lines, animations, or interactive elements on Web pages) and explain how the information contributes to an understanding of the text in which it appears.

RI.4.8 — Explain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support particular points in a text.

SL.4.1 — Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 4 topics and texts, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly.

SL.4.2 — Paraphrase portions of a text read aloud or information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually, quantitatively, and orally.

SL.4.3 — Identify the reasons and evidence a speaker provides to support particular points.

SL.4.4 — Report on a topic or text, tell a story, or recount an experience in an organized manner, using appropriate facts and relevant, descriptive details to support main ideas or themes; speak clearly at an understandable pace.

SL.4.5 — Add audio recordings and visual displays to presentations when appropriate to enhance the development of main ideas or themes.

SL.4.6 — Differentiate between contexts that call for formal English (e.g., presenting ideas) and situations where informal discourse is appropriate (e.g., small-group discussion); use formal English when appropriate to task and situation.

W.4.1 — Write opinion pieces on topics or texts, supporting a point of view with reasons and information

W.4.1.a — Introduce a topic or text clearly, state an opinion, and create an organizational structure in which related ideas are grouped to support the writer's purpose.

W.4.1.b — Provide reasons that are supported by facts and details.

W.4.1.c — Link opinion and reasons using words and phrases (e.g., for instance, in order to, in addition).

W.4.2 — Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas and information clearly.

W.4.8 — Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from print and digital sources; take notes and categorize information, and provide a list of sources.

W.4.9 — Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.